The two main categories of ADHD drugs are stimulants and non-stimulants. Those medications, as well as some lesser-used drugs, are briefly described here. Once your child has had a thorough evaluation for ADHD , you and the doctor can then decide which ADHD medication, if any, might be right for your child. For more information, see a graphic that shows how ADHD medication works in the brain. And explore our comprehensive guide to ADHD medication.
Stimulants are the most-prescribed medications to treat ADHD in children. They are some of the most-researched of all types of drugs used with kids and adults. Stimulant medications target a neurotransmitter brain chemical called dopamine, which plays a key role in motivation.
It also helps to control movement and emotional responses. The effects of some stimulants begin within about 30 minutes of taking the dose. Others take 60 to 90 minutes before they kick in. Stimulants can be shorter acting, meaning the pills are usually taken two or three times a day. Or they can be longer acting, meaning the pills are usually taken once a day. The types of stimulants most commonly used to treat ADHD are listed below. The year next to it is when it was approved by the FDA.
The medications followed by an asterisk are available in a generic form. Keep in mind that generic forms are labeled with the chemical name, not brand name. For instance, some kids may need one long-acting dose followed by one shorter-acting one to get through the day and homework time. Insurance companies often require people to use the generic forms of these medications. For many, the generic forms work as well as the branded version. However, the FDA has reported that two of the three generic versions of Concerta are not exactly the same as the branded product.
For kids who have trouble swallowing pills, some of these medications come in capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto spoonfuls of food like applesauce, yogurt, or ice cream. Learn more about ADHD treatment and support in school. Read about the evidence for effective therapies for ADHD external icon.
Medication can help children manage their ADHD symptoms in their everyday life and can help them control the behaviors that cause difficulties with family, friends, and at school. Medications can affect children differently and can have side effects such as decreased appetite or sleep problems. One child may respond well to one medication, but not to another. Healthcare providers who prescribe medication may need to try different medications and doses. The AAP recommends that healthcare providers observe and adjust the dose of medication to find the right balance between benefits and side effects.
The NRC provides resources, information, and advice for parents on how to help their child. Learn more about the services of the NRC external icon. Treatments for adults can include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments.
For more information about diagnosis and treatment throughout the lifespan, please visit the websites of the National Resource Center on ADHD external icon and the National Institutes of Mental Health external icon. National Institute of Mental Health external icon. Information for parents from the American Academy of Pediatrics external icon. Parents typically attend sessions with a therapist and learn strategies to help their child. Sessions may involve groups or individual families.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. College students take this medication for a boost when cramming for exams or pulling all-nighters.
Others abuse stimulant meds for their weight-loss properties. Call your doctor right away if you or your child experience any of the following symptoms while taking stimulant medication for ADHD:. In addition to the traditional stimulant drugs, there are several other medications used to treat ADHD, including Strattera, atypical antidepressants, and certain blood pressure medications.
Unlike stimulants, which affect dopamine, Strattera boosts the levels of norepinephrine, a different brain chemical. Strattera is longer-acting than the stimulant drugs. Its effects last over 24 hours—making it a good option for those who have trouble getting started in the morning.
Straterra can also cause insomnia and appetite suppression, but these side effects are more common in stimulants. Strattera may increase suicidal thoughts and actions in some people, especially children and younger adults who have bipolar disorder or depression in addition to ADHD. Call the doctor immediately if your child shows agitation, irritability, suicidal thinking or behaviors, and unusual changes in behavior.
Options include clonidine Catapres and guanfacine Tenex. But while these medications can be effective for hyperactivity, impulsivity, and aggression, they are less helpful when it comes to attention problems. Antidepressants for ADHD — For people suffering from both ADHD and depression, certain antidepressants , which target multiple neurotransmitters in the brain, may be prescribed. Wellbutrin, also known by the generic name bupropion, is most widely used.
Wellbutrin targets both norepinephrine and dopamine. Another option is the use of tricyclic antidepressants. Take your time to weigh the options. And if the medication is for your child, be sure to get their input in the decision-making process. Most importantly, trust your instincts and do what feels right to you.
For young children especially, medication should be viewed as a last resort, not the first course of treatment to try. Consulting with an ADHD specialist or an experienced psychiatrist can help you understand the pros and cons of medication.
Here are some questions to ask:. When deciding whether or not to put your child on medication, Jerome Schultz, Ph. There are many ways to help yourself or your child tackle the challenges of ADHD and lead a calmer, more productive life. With the right tips and tools, you can manage many of the symptoms of your ADHD on your own.
Even if you choose to take medication, healthy lifestyle habits and other self-help strategies may enable you to take a lower dose. Exercise regularly. Exercising is one of the most effective ways to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. Try walking, skateboarding, hiking, dancing or playing a favorite sport. Encourage your child to put down the video games and play outside.
Eat a healthy diet. Set regular snack and meal times. Get plenty of sleep. Regular quality sleep can lead to vast improvement in the symptoms of ADHD. Simple changes to daytime habits go a long way toward resting well at night. Have a set bedtime and stick to it. Avoid caffeine later in the day.
Try therapy. ADHD professionals can help you or your child learn new skills to cope with symptoms and change habits that are causing problems. Some therapies focus on managing stress and anger or controlling impulsive behaviors, while others teach you how to manage time, improve organizational skills, and persist toward goals. Maintain a positive attitude.
A positive attitude and common sense are your best assets for treating ADHD. Here are some guidelines for safe use:. Learn about the prescribed medication. Find out everything you can about the ADHD medication you or your child is taking, including potential side effects, how often to take it, special warnings, and other substances that should be avoided, such as over-the-counter cold medication.
Be patient. Finding the right medication and dose is a trial-and-error process. It will take some experimenting, as well as open, honest communication with your doctor. Start small. Keep track of any side effects and monitor how well the medication is working to reduce symptoms.
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