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Enrolment Documents. Authentication Ecosystem. Advertisements Photos Videos. Brand Aadhaar. Have any Question? For example, there have been reports of migrant and rural children who never received birth certificates being disallowed from school enrolment because of not being able to prove their identity in order to sign up for an Aadhaar card.
There have been other reports of leprosy sufferers with no fingers or eyes having their state benefits cancelled because fingerprints and iris scans are mandatory. Further questions were raised by privacy advocates. And others have raised concerns that biometric information is a poor basis for an identity system. That openness, many suspected, was the cause of the damaging leaks from January. Others were more critical. As with other Supreme Court-related disagreements, this debate is shaped by more than a hint of partisan politics.
The Modi government sees Aadhaar as a way to to accelerate development and eradicate poverty. In some ways, this particular form of centralized identification system is unique to India, which has long struggled to ensure its massive and diverse population is treated equitably by the central state. But other countries have flirted with the idea of similar systems as biometric technology has become cheaper and more widespread.
Countries routinely integrate fingerprints and iris scans into passports, but none has tried as hard as India to make it the basis of citizen-state interaction.
That might change in the future. In India, although the government is trying to increase the scope of Aadhaar in the distribution of benefits, the Supreme Court has ruled that no citizen of the country should be deprived of benefits for not having an Aadhaar card.
In Indonesia the system has been implemented to streamline the bureaucratic processes, and prevent citizens from having to submit the same documents over and over again in various government offices. The reasons for the implementation of Aadhaar in India are similar.
The Indonesian government plans to make eKTP a requisite for all schemes by the government, going forward. Malaysia has one of the most advanced national identity card programs in the world. It was the first country to introduce biometric security in a computer chip along with photo identification on a single card in The citizens can choose to add the services that they want to use the card for, which is an approach India can take for the benefit of its citizens.
The MyKad card is compulsory, for all adult permanent residents of the country. Users can choose to use the card as an ATM card, a digital wallet and a driving license, among other applications. The card is a result of the Government Multi-Purpose card project, and Malaysia developed its own technologies and methodologies for the implementation, as there were no similar projects anywhere in the world when Malaysia introduced a multi-purpose smart card.
The main difference in the implementation with India, is that the entire process is introduced as a replaceable smartcard. The card stores identification details, biometric information of the fingers, and the religion for Muslims. Apart from a proof of identity, the MyKad is also a proof of address, unlike the Aadhaar card. In practice, there are some situations where Aadhaar is used as an address proof. An RBI circular allows the use of Aadhaar as address proof, and an Aadhaar card is a valid proof of address for the passport verification process.
Users can choose to use the MyKad card as a license. The citizens are no longer required to then carry around a driving license, and can present the MyKad card on demand from traffic police. The road transport department allows renewal of the driving license component directly on the MyKad cards. Within Malaysia, the MyKad card is accepted as an alternative to the passport. Users with MyKad can exit and enter the country through the control gates.
However, Malaysian residents travelling internationally, are required to produce a regular passport at foreign locations, and the MyKad is not a substitute for the passport internationally. MyKad is also used as a public key infrastructure for the users. Those who activate this feature can use the MyKad for verification, authentication and encryption. The services can be used by any service, but is particularly useful for banking, shopping, public services and billing. There is an optional feature to authenticate email access through MyKad as well.
The contactless electronic fund transfer feature on the MyKad can be used for making payments in Highway toll plazas, rail transport, car parks and theme parks. Aadhaar does not have these features as yet, but can potentially be introduced through the Aadhaar enabled payment system. In India, local transport systems use their own smart cards, and toll plazas have their own digital payment infrastructures. The important distinction here as compared to India, is that while the Malaysian government makes it compulsary to collect biometric data of all the permanent residents, when and where to use the card, and for which applications, is entirely up to the user.
The Indian Aadhaar program could do with a little more freedom of choice. The benefits and applications of Aadhaar stand to multiply if the government can actually issue a smart card version of Aadhaar. Extensions to the basic MyKad system have seen the platform being used as a storage medium for the records of farmers participating in local markets. An agricultural market information portal has been integrated into MyKad.
There are over , points of usage of the MyKad card. Information required for Fishermen and Pensioners are stored directly on the card. The government also uses the card for the distribution of benefits, similar to the approach in India. Children between the ages of 12 to 18 have their own optional version, known as the MyKid card. Biometric authentication and security mechanisms are rarely implemented in a mass scale around the world.
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