While fertility varies widely from person to person, it does decline with age. Fertilization can only occur if a viable egg and sperm meet. The time it takes depends on whether the person has ovulated yet and how quickly the sperm reach the egg. Sperm can live in the female reproductive tract for about 5 days , so pregnancy after sex may take place up to 1 week before ovulation. An egg lives for 12—24 hours after ovulation. This means that fertilization can occur if intercourse happens anywhere from several days before ovulation to about 1 day after ovulation.
After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the egg begins dividing rapidly. It travels down the fallopian tube and into the uterus, where it must implant in the wall of the uterus. In natural cycles , those that do not involve reproductive technology, about half of all fertilized eggs do not implant. In these cases, fertilization does not lead to pregnancy. The body begins producing more of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin HCG after a fertilized egg implants in the lining of the uterus.
This typically happens 6—12 days after ovulation. Implantation cannot happen immediately after fertilization because it takes time for the fertilized egg to reach the uterus. Older research , from , suggests that the later a fertilized egg implants, the more likely early pregnancy loss becomes.
Pregnancy tests check levels of the hormone HCG. They cannot produce a positive result until two things have happened:.
This means that most people cannot have a positive pregnancy test result until at least 10 days after ovulation. For some, a positive result is only possible on the day of their anticipated period or a bit later. More sensitive tests are more likely to give early false-negative results. If a person takes the test again a few days later, HCG levels may have risen high enough for a positive result.
Learn more about how and when to take a pregnancy test here. Some people experience no changes early in pregnancy, while others notice differences right away. A person may experience the following early changes :. It is worth keeping in mind, however, these are also common experiences in people who are not pregnant. Fertilization happens when, about 20 minutes after sexual intercourse, a single sperm from the million released successfully fertilizes the egg cell and creates a zygote.
About a week later, the fertilized egg has made its way down the fallopian tube and into the uterus. Implantation happens if the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.
Most women ovulate anywhere from Day 11 to Day 21 of their cycle. This is when an embryo implants outside the uterus and is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Remember that conception and successful pregnancy can take time. Learning to recognize the signs of ovulation, having sex in the fertile window, and making basic lifestyle changes—like healthy eating—can all boost your odds of conception and help you create the family you envision. Yes, conception and fertilization are two terms that describe the joining of a sperm and an egg.
At least 11 days, though it could take longer. Pregnancy tests check for the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG, which can be detected in urine 11 days after conception. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life.
University of California San Francisco. Conception: how it works. March of Dimes. Getting pregnant. Updated June Planned Parenthood. What is IVF? Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth.
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Preparing for Conception. Sex Timeline If you have unprotected sex and ovulate three days later, you can become pregnant. Zygote and Blastocyst Immediately after fertilization, the egg and sperm have joined to make a single-cell embryo that is called a zygote. What Is Implantation Bleeding? Frequently Asked Questions Is conception the same as fertilization? Where does conception occur? Conception occurs in the fallopian tube after the egg is released from the ovary.
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